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        <p>微前端不是特指某一项技术，而是一种思想。是由2016年 ThoughtWorks Technology Radar 中提出的，借鉴后端微服务的架构模式，将 Web 应用由单一的单体应用转变为多个小型前端应用，聚合为一的应用。<br>微前端的核心三大原则：独立运行、独立部署、独立开发。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>微前端有很多解决方案，乾坤只是其中一种。而且它并不是一个完整的解决方案，而只是一个库而已。因此里面有很多东西需要我们自己去配置。</p>
<h2 id="乾坤"><a href="#乾坤" class="headerlink" title="乾坤"></a>乾坤</h2><p>乾坤做了两件重要的事情，其一是<code>加载资源</code>，第二是进行<code>资源隔离</code>。</p>
<p>乾坤有三种Js隔离机制，并且在源代码中也是以 SnapshotSandbox、LegacySandbox、ProxySandbox三个类名来指代三种不同的隔离机制。</p>
<h3 id="资源隔离"><a href="#资源隔离" class="headerlink" title="资源隔离"></a>资源隔离</h3><h4 id="快照沙箱和两种代理沙箱"><a href="#快照沙箱和两种代理沙箱" class="headerlink" title="快照沙箱和两种代理沙箱"></a>快照沙箱和两种代理沙箱</h4><p>快照沙箱SnapshotSandbox，缺点是需要遍历window上的所有属性，性能较差。</p>
<p>单应用沙箱LegacySandbox，可以实现和快照沙箱一样的功能，但是却性能更好，缺点是会污染全局的window，因此仅仅允许页面同时运行一个微应用。</p>
<p>代理沙箱ProxySandbox，支持一个页面运行多个微应用。</p>
<p>LegacySandbox在未来应该会消失，因为LegacySandbox可以做的事情，ProxySandbox都可以做，而SanpsshotSandbox因为向下兼容的原因反而会和ProxySandbox长期并存。</p>
<p>所谓沙箱容器，就是一个对象。该对象包括三个属性instance、mount、unmount，其中instace代表沙箱实例，mount、unmount是两个方法，供沙箱容器持有者在合适的时机进行调用。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">createSandboxContainer</span>(<span class="params"></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="params">  appName: string,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="params">  elementGetter: (</span>) =&gt; <span class="title">HTMLElement</span> | <span class="title">ShadowRoot</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">  <span class="title">scopedCSS</span>: <span class="title">boolean</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">  <span class="title">useLooseSandbox</span>?: <span class="title">boolean</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">  <span class="title">excludeAssetFilter</span>?: (<span class="params">url: string</span>) =&gt; <span class="title">boolean</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">  <span class="title">globalContext</span>?: <span class="title">typeof</span> <span class="title">window</span>,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">let</span> sandbox: SandBox;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">window</span>.Proxy) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    sandbox = useLooseSandbox ? <span class="keyword">new</span> LegacySandbox(appName, globalContext) : <span class="keyword">new</span> ProxySandbox(appName, globalContext);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    sandbox = <span class="keyword">new</span> SnapshotSandbox(appName);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 此处省略许多代码...   占位1</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    instance: sandbox,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">async</span> mount() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 此处省略许多代码... 占位2</span></span><br><span class="line">      sandbox.active();</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 此处省略许多代码... 占位3</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">async</span> unmount() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 此处省略许多代码... 占位4</span></span><br><span class="line">      sandbox.inactive();</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 此处省略许多代码... 占位5</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="加载流程"><a href="#加载流程" class="headerlink" title="加载流程"></a>加载流程</h3><p>乾坤的微应用加载流程主要触发场景包括下面四个：</p>
<ul>
<li>通过registerMicroApps注册微应用</li>
<li>通过loadMicroApp手动加载微应用</li>
<li>调用start时触发了预加载逻辑</li>
<li>手动调用prefetchApps执行预加载</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="通过registerMicroApps注册微应用"><a href="#通过registerMicroApps注册微应用" class="headerlink" title="通过registerMicroApps注册微应用"></a>通过registerMicroApps注册微应用</h4><ol>
<li>从参数中获取微应用的name和entry。</li>
<li>根据名称生成微应用的实例id。</li>
<li>根据entry和传入的参数获取微应用的资源，template（html、css）、execScript（js）、assetPublicPath（图片资源等）。</li>
<li>template外包裹一个div并在该div上设置一些与实例id相关的属性，作为微应用的根元素，称之为appContent，此时的appContent仍然只是一个字符串。</li>
<li>将appContent渲染成HTML元素，用initialAppWrapperElement变量保存。</li>
<li>将initialAppWrapperElement挂载到节点上，注册时候的container设置的的值就是这个节点的id。</li>
<li>构造生命周期方法数组beforeMount、afterMount、beforeLoad、beforeUnmount、afterUnmount。</li>
<li>依次执行beforeLoad数组中的所有方法。</li>
<li>执行步骤3中获取的execScript函数，并获取其中暴露出来的方法：bootstrap、mount、unmount、update。</li>
<li>声明函数parcelConfigGetter，用来返回包括name、bootstrap、mount、unmount等重要属性的对象。</li>
<li>调用parcelConfigGetter，loadApp方法执行完成。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; registerMicroApps, start &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'qiankun'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">registerMicroApps([</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name: <span class="string">'reactApp'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    entry: <span class="string">'//localhost:3000'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    container: <span class="string">'#container'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    activeRule: <span class="string">'/app-react'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name: <span class="string">'vueApp'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    entry: <span class="string">'//localhost:8080'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    container: <span class="string">'#container'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    activeRule: <span class="string">'/app-vue'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name: <span class="string">'angularApp'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    entry: <span class="string">'//localhost:4200'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    container: <span class="string">'#container'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    activeRule: <span class="string">'/app-angular'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">]);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 启动 qiankun</span></span><br><span class="line">start();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>#### </p>

      
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